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Wednesday,December 10,2012LUBRICANT

    LUBRICANT

    1. Lubrication system function
    In vehicle lubrication systems include all systems that require a fluid lubricant as the lubricant or successor media pressure / force the engine lubrication, lubrication gear / gear (transmission / differential). While lubrication as well as its medium power / compression force includes lubrication automatic transmission (ATF), lubrication of power steering, brakes hydrolis lubrication. Lubrication system is one of the most important systems in a vehicle, in the discussion of learning module 1 is limited to the engine lubrication system. The engine lubrication system serves to:

    a). Lubricants (Lubricant)
    One function of lubricating oil is to lubricate the moving parts of the machine to prevent wear from rubbing two objects.
    Oil lubricant films formed on the two objects are moving in order to prevent friction / direct contact between two objects rub against it.







    b). Cooling (Cooling)

    Lubricating oil flows around moving parts, so that the heat arising from the friction of two objects will be washed / spread by convection to the lubricating oil, so oil lubricants in this condition serves as a cooling machine.
    c). Cleaners (cleaning)
    Dirt or-bram bram arising from friction, will be carried away by the lubricating oil into crankcase which then settle to the bottom of charter and captured by the magnet on charter basis. Dirt or bram that will participate in the flow of lubricating oil filter on the oil filter so as not to get carried away and gets distributed machine parts that could result in damage / interfere with the performance of the machine.
    d). Seals (sealing)
    Lubricant that forms in precision parts of the engine serves as a seal, which prevents gas leakage (blow by gas) for example between the piston and cylinder wall





    1. Types of lubrication systems
    a). Mixed lubrication systems (mix)
    Mixed lubrication system is one of the engine lubrication system with direct mixing of lubricating oil (oil mixed / side) with fuel (petrol) so that the lubricating oil and fuel mix in the fuel tank. The properties of mixed lubrication systems:
    - The fuel tank is above the engine / higher of the engine (fuel jetting to the gravitational force).
    - Lubrication systems are the simplest type of oil
    - Wasteful use of oil, high air pollution arising
    - Used in motor 2 Not with a small capacity.
    - Using a special oil 2 Not a good mix with gasoline is a mixture of 2% - 4% oil side.



    How it works:
    At the gas valve (2) is opened, the mixture of gasoline and oil side (1) will flow to the carburetor (3) in the carburetor fuel, oil and air mixed side to form a homogeneous mixture and into the crank chamber and then mixed and oil baensin side will lubricate the engine that was in the crank and cylinder wall.
    Examples of vehicle / engine lubrication system that uses this type is the stationary bike, vespa.


    b). Lubrication system autolube



    Autolube lubrication system, oil side / mixed into the crank chamber is pumped by the oil pump. So the next oil use / intervention is more effective according to their engines. Lubrication system is used in 2-stroke engines. Side oil / mixed into the crank chamber and the number of rounds depends on the intake valve opening (Reet Valve).

              How it works:
    When the gas engine to handle is pulled, the fuel flow to the carburetor, along with a pull handle gas, oil pump side spin that causes oil / mixed ditangki exploited and pushed into the space behind the crank through the carburetor. Gasoline and oil side / mixed into one further behind the carburetor into the crank chamber and lubricate moving parts.

    c). Splash lubrication system
    Splash lubrication system is lubrication system by using motion of moving parts to have sparked lubricant to the parts that need lubrication, eg crankshaft rotates while sparked lubricating oil to lubricate the cylinder walls.
    Lubrication system is typically used on a machine with the valve side (side valve) and a small capacity.







    How it works:
    Currently living machine, crank shaft rotates, the crank shaft resembling a spoon carrying lubricating oil and lubricating oil finally splashed over lubricate the cylinder walls.

    d). Lubrication system press.
    Lubricating oil in the crankcase is sucked and pressed into parts lubricated using oil pump. Lubrication system is suitable to lubricate the engine parts are very precise. Lubricating oil flow depending on the number of the engine, this is because the oil pump is played by machines. Lubrication system is used on 4 stroke engine and has advantages lubrication evenly and regularly. Lubricating oil has to lubricate the engine parts will return to the crankcase back.





              How it works:
    Lubricating oil in the crankcase exploited and suppressed by the oil pump through the strainer and pumped into the lubricated parts that were previously filtered by the oil filter. Lubricating oil has to lubricate lubricated parts will return to the crankcase.

    b. Summary 1
    1. Lubrication system is one of the important systems in a vehicle, because the system is functioning as:
    - Lubricants (lubricant)
    - Cooling (Cooling)
    - Cleaning (cleaning)
                 - Seal (sealing)

    2. Mixed lubrication system used on 2-stroke engine oil by side / mixed mixed directly into the fuel tank with a ratio of 2% - 4% oil side.
    3. Lubrication system autolube process of mixing oil and gasoline fuel side done after the carburetor, where the fuel tank of gasoline and oil tank side / mix their own.
    4. Splash lubrication system works by rotating the crankshaft motion, taking the lubricating oil from the crankcase and cylinder walls sprinkled de.
    5. Press very effective lubrication system to lubricate engine parts with very high precision. Lubrication system provides lubrication effect an orderly and equitable.

    d. Task 1
    1. Look for examples of other vehicle components that require lubrication (lubricant), cooling (cooling), cleaning (cleaning), and seals (sealing) the lubricant!
    2. Find an example of a vehicle (brand) using mixed lubrication systems, lubrication autolube, splash lubrication and lubrication press!

    e. Formative Test 1
    1.do functions in the engine lubrication system? Explain!
    2.tell how the lubrication system below is accompanied with illustrations!
    a. Mixed lubrication systems
    b. Lubrication system autolube
    c. Splash lubrication system
    d. Lubrication system press
    Attention:
    Before proceeding to the next activity, skewer your answers against the answers on the following pages.

        Formative test answer key 1

               1. Lubrication system function is:
    a. Lubricant (lubricant), lube oil oil films formed between two moving objects, thus reducing friction / contact.
    b. Cooling (Cooling), combustion engine mengkibatkan high heat, lubricating oil to flow around the engine parts are hot, hot engine convection flows into the lubricating oil.
    c. Cleaners (Cleaning), bram-bram, sediment dirt on lubricated parts carried by the flow of oil to the crankcase lubricant and taken to diendakan at the bottom of the crankcase to be cleaned periodically.
    d. Seals (sealing), lubricating oil pressed engine parts that require precision and high density to prevent leakage. Eg pressed the piston cylinder walls.

               2. How to work a variety of lubrication systems.
    a. Mixed lubrication systems


    How it works:
    At the gas valve (2) is opened, the mixture of gasoline and oil side (1) will flow to the carburetor (3) in the carburetor fuel, oil and air mixed side to form a homogeneous mixture and into the crank chamber and then mixed and oil gasoline side will lubricate the engine that was in the crank and cylinder wall.

    b. Lubrication system autolube








              How it works:

    When the gas engine to handle is pulled, the fuel flow to the carburetor, along with a pull handle gas, oil pump side spin that causes oil / mixed ditangki exploited and pushed into the space behind the crank through the carburetor. Gasoline and oil side / mixed into one further behind the carburetor into the crank chamber and lubricate moving parts.

    c. Splash lubrication system






    How it works:
    Currently living machine, crank shaft rotates, the crank shaft resembling a spoon carrying lubricating oil and lubricating oil finally splashed over lubricate the cylinder walls.

    d. Lubrication system press






              How it works:
    Lubricating oil in the crankcase exploited and suppressed by the oil pump through the strainer and pumped into the lubricated parts that were previously filtered by the oil filter. Lubricating oil has to lubricate lubricated parts will return to the crankcase.Posted by Mahreza Mahretta at 06:41 No comments:Email This BlogThis Share to Twitter Share to FacebookMonday, December 12, 2011Pad

    BEARING
    Element bearing is a machine used for load bearing or shaft that works on a plain bearings mesin.Pada sliding friction is friction between the shaft with bearings where the shaft riveted by the intermediate layer of the bearing surface capable of bearing shaft pelumas.Bantalan sled at a high rotation with loads of great, simple construction, and quickly installed with ease. Due to the friction during operation, then this hot plain bearings. Heat can arise by a large friction especially on large loads that require special cooling.
    Plain bearings have a performance advantage over the able-bearing spindle rotation speed and load large, simple construction and easy to install.

    Plain bearings are preferred because:

        Not noisy and quiet in operation
        Suitable for high speed
        Resistant to shock and vibration is strong.

    Classification of bearings according to the shape and location of the parts are riveted to the bearing shaft,
    Then the bearings can be divided into:

        Radial bearings, which can be cylindrical, cylindrical parts
        Axial bearings, shaped hinge
        Special bearings, specially shaped as balls

    Classification based lubrication

    Bearing without lubrication comes in the form of plastic bearings, bearings and bearing lubricating oil containing solids.
    a. Plastic bearings
    Plastic is a material that has properties to lubricate yourself well, its corrosion resistant allowing these materials can work well in the water.
    b. Oil lubricated bearings
    A typical example of this is cast iron bearings and sintered metal that used cast iron oil diserapi operating with repeated heat treatment.
    c. Solid lubricating bearings
    Lubricating bearings are used for special circumstances beyond its particular application. Lubricants can be used as a bottom line, which is used at a given temperature.



    Classification of bearings according to bearing friction against the shaft

        Plain bearings, the sliding friction between the shaft with bearings because of the layer of lubricant between the two surfaces
        Rolling bearings, the friction between the rotating roll with a rolling quietly through elements such as a ball, roller, needle roller.
        Advantages and disadvantages of plain bearings and rolling

    1. Plain bearings
    a. Excess

        Capable of bearing high berputaran shaft with a big load
        Its construction is simple and can be created and installed easily
        Can reduce the impact and vibration so that almost no voice
        It does not require great precision so that lower prices



    b. Shortage

        Great friction when starting the
        Require a large initial moment
        Pelumasannya not so simple
        The heat arising from the friction and require special cooling

    2. Bearing performance
    a. Excess

        Suitable for small loads
        Low friction
        Simple Pelumasannya

    b. Shortage

        More expensive because of high accuracy
        At high rotation bearing is somewhat gadu

    Instructions lubrication
                   Secar well lubricated bearings will not wear out, as a lubricant to prevent direct kontaak between components bearing with one another made of logam.Bantalan performance can be lubricated with oil or fat / grease. Bantala-axial spherical roller should normally be lubricated with oil, and should only be lubricated with grease if the low rotation rate. The air bearing seals or metal berperapat suadh lubricated for the "lifetime" of the producer.
    Selection of type of lubricant is essentially based on the temperature and the number of rounds of pad work. Grease is used when it works under normal conditions, and also serves to melindunngi fat pads of dirt that goes. With oil lubrication is recommended for high rotation rate.
    Lubricant should always disimpandi a clean, covered, and placed in a dry warehouse.
    Type of bearing lubrication
    Lubrication oil
    Meneral oil containing no solvents to be used for lubrication of rolling bearings. At temperatures above +125 C didianjurkan using synthetic oil such as poyglycol. The ingredients are added to enhance the ability of lubricants only when the working conditions are very special. As a commonly used lubricant oil has a viscosity index of the medium to high. However, the number of high round low viscosity oil may be used, in order tempratur pads low.
    Routine control performance bearings
    Routine control performance pads:
    1. Listen
    Sepatang lay it atu wood screws or other similar objects attached to the bearing housings, as close as possible to the location near the bearings. Lay it on the tip of your ears and listen to the other rod. If the bearings are still good it will sound soft, but if it breaks makaa will sound noisy.
    2. Feel (palpate)
    These controls do ddengan rolling bearing temperature thermometer, or in a small way by putting the hand on the pads. If the temperature rise is not as usual, then it is an indication of irregularities, such as dirt, clearances, overload, wear, and friction in the bearings

    3. See
    Check the condition of seals which are located near the bearing to ensure hot liquids or dirt or pengkarat unable to enter the bearing.

    4. Lubricate
    Lubrication with grease: used to clean nipple and bearing housings with a rag, then open the cover and clean the bearing housings of the old fat until clean, then enter the new grease.
    Lubrication with oil (oil): verify oil level and refill if less, if the oil should be changed so the old oil should be cleaned with a tap and a similar oil before filling again. Oil contained in the oil bath is quite changed once a year as long as no more than 50C temperature and oil contamination did not occur during that time.

    Roller bearings (Bearing)
                     Bearing performance is one component of a strong engine / tough that will provide a long service life for machinery / equipment to use it, especially when rolling bearings are installed and maintained well. Handling it well in the installation and release bearing is not a difficult problem, because it is only required cleanliness, accuracy and thoroughness.
    Storage gelindingSebelum wrapped or packed bearings, roller bearings coated with anti-rust, so the pads can be stored in a wrap / pack original for years. It is recommended that the bearing performance storage warehouse that humidity made the air no more than 60% and the temperature is constant.
    Rolling bearing lid (code enhancements:-2Z) should not be stored for more than 2 years, while bearing gelindinng-berperapat (code enhancements:-2RS) should not be more than 3 years. Such roller bearing has been lubricated for life, but the fat / grease put into it will age (being older) and hard (rigid) when stored too long. Roller bearings that are not wrapped in its original wrapper should be kept clean, oiled / fat well and dibungkkus with wax paper to prevent rust.

Pressure fuels combustion gases and air will drive piston connected to the crankshaft using the shaft, so that the piston can move back and forth (reciprocating). Back and forth motion of the piston is converted to rotary motion by the crankshaft (crank shaft). And the opposite is also the crankshaft rotational motion is converted into alternating motion piston on the compression stroke.Based on analyzing how the system works, the diesel engine can be divided into two, namely diesel motors that use airless injection system (solid injection) were analyzed with a dual cycle and diesel motors that use water injection system that analyzed the diesel cycle (whereas gasoline motor cycles were analyzed by otto ). difference between diesel and petrol motors are located in the actual process of fuel combustion, gasoline combustion on motor fuel is due to the fire jumps the electricity generated by the two-electrode spark plugs (spark plug), while the diesel engine combustion occurs due to an increase temperature of the air and fuel mixture caused by compression of the piston until it reaches the temperature of the flame. Because of the principle of the fuel ignition due to the pressure of diesel compression ignition engine also called while the motor is called a spark ignition gasoline engine.B. The vehicles drove on the streets are generally divided into two major parts, namely the GASOLINE fuel, and fuel-SOLAR. Actually what is the most fundamental difference between the two? So how exactly does it work DIESEL engine was fueled SOLAR? Fundamental difference of the two types of machines that is, if the engine GASOLINE or also known as Otto engine (motor burst), in the "engine room", varying electric prod / fire from BUSI to "turn on" a mixture of gasoline and air (oxygen). While the Diesel engine, power is not required flame / fire from the spark plug. Koq could both explode huh?In the law of Physics Thermodynamics (try to ask your teacher at school deh), there is a law that states: "if you turn down the volume (in compression / on compressed) air pressure will increase along with the increase in temperature". As an illustration, perhaps you have ever used a bicycle tire pump, when used his rod pump will be hot, why? Yes because the compressed air at the time you make a tire pump air into high pressure and temperature nya.Pada Diesel engine, created "rooms" such sehigga at room temperature peningkata it will happen until it reaches the "flash point" that could "burn" fuel oil. Compression is usually used to achieve a state of "burning" is usually 18 to 25 times the normal volume of the room. While the temperature may rise to 500 ° C (imagine! Petroleum diesel alone could "explode" at a temperature of 250 ° C only)The way it works is easy, diesel oil that is mixed air (like coming out of mosquito spray) sprayed into the room that has been "compressed" and high temperature, so it can immediately make a "solar mist" had burst and push the "piston" which will then be moving the wheel shafts, short to POWER. This incident repeatedly and emerging energy can be used to power automobiles, electric generators, and so on.Well that's simply how the Diesel engine. Author of more advanced diesel engine would add here and there to provide increased performance and power. Although it works became more complicated, but essentially remains unchanged.Come on, anyone interested in being an engineer? Study hard and try to occasionally participate or observe your father a mechanic "crack" engine.C. When air is compressed its temperature will increase (as stated by Charles Law), a diesel engine uses these properties to the combustion process. The air sucked into the combustion chamber diesel engine and compressed by a piston which docked, much higher compression ratio than gasoline engines. Some time before the piston at top dead point position (TMA) or BTDC (Before Top Dead Center), diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber under high pressure through a nozzle that mixes with pressurized hot air. The results of this mixing ignite and burn quickly. Spraying of fuel into the combustion chamber when the piston started approaching (very close) TMA to avoid detonation. Spraying fuel directly into the combustion chamber above the piston is called direct injection (direct injection) while spraying fuel into a special room that is directly related to the main combustion chamber where the piston is called indirect injection (indirect injection).This caused the gas explosion in a sealed combustion chamber expands rapidly, pushing the piston down and produces linear force. Connecting rod (connecting rod) to channel the movement into the crankshaft and the crankshaft was converted into a linear force power play. Power play at the end of the crankshaft axis used for various purposes.To improve the ability of diesel engines, are generally added components:Turbocharger or supercharger to increase the volume of air entering the combustion chamber because the air entering the combustion chamber is driven by a turbine in the turbo / supercharger.Intercooler to cool air will enter the combustion chamber. Volume of hot air will expand and vice versa, then the cooled air that aims to occupy a space can burn diesel banyak.Mesin difficult to live on when the engine in cold conditions. Some engines use a little thing called electronic heater plugs light up (spark / glow plug) in the cylinder to heat the combustion chamber prior to ignition. Others use the heater "resistive grid" in the "intake manifold" to warm the incoming air until the engine reaches operating temperature. Once the engine is operating combustion of fuel in the cylinder to effectively heat the engine.In very cold weather, diesel fuel thickens and increases the viscosity and forms wax crystals or a gel. This can affect the fuel system from the tank to the nozzle, making ignition engine in cold weather becomes difficult. How common is used to heat the fuel filter and fuel lines elektronik.Untuk electrical generator applications, a critical component of the diesel engine was governor, which controls the fuel supply so that the engine is always the desired rotation. If the engine speed drops too much power quality issued will decrease so electrical equipment can not work properly, whereas if the engine speed is too high, it can lead to over-voltage that could damage electrical equipment. Modern diesel engines use advanced electronic controls to achieve this goal through an electronic control module (ECM) or electronic control unit (ECU) - which is the "computer" in the machine. ECM / ECU receives engine speed signals through sensors and uses search algorithms and calibration tables stored in the ECM / ECU, he controls the amount of fuel and time through an electronic or hydraulic actuators to adjust the engine speed.

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